The environmental impacts of their full life cycles were compared, and the sensitivity analysis of the key parts in the battery production phase and the data with major contributions were carried out through the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The results show that the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries in the production phase
Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), hybrid vehicles (non-plug-in or plug-in), and battery electric vehicles (BEV), fueled with biofuels or recharged with electricity from Brazilian or European matrix, including recharging losses. Quartile estimates of life cycle emissions factors in units of grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt hour of generation (g CO2e/kWh) are provided for the following life cycle stages: one-time upstream, ongoing combustion, ongoing non-combustion, one-time downstream, and total. Literature estimates were compiled by the LCA
Battery Life Cycle Assessment. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the standard for electrochemical energy storage in consumer electronics and electric vehicles because of their many desirable qualities, including high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life. Although energy storage capacity, cycle life, and cost are of
The batteries’ requirement was chosen in terms of their battery life, small size, low weight, higher storage capacity, and effective self-discharging capacity to resist temperature environments and different climatic conditions. Accordingly, the lithium-ion battery was extensively used for various applications.
From the perspective of the life cycle of a battery, the carbon footprint of lithium iron phosphate battery and Ni-MH battery were 736.35 kg CO 2eq and 1483.72 kg CO 2eq. Among them, the carbon footprints of raw materials phase, production phase and use phase of lithium iron phosphate battery accounted for 1.72%, 2.13% and 96.14%.
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    • li ion battery life cycle assessment